PTYS/LPL Faculty
William Boynton
Ph.D., 1971, Carnegie Mellon
Years with LPL: 1977 to Emeritus in 2021
Astrobiology, Cosmochemistry, Lunar Studies, Small Bodies, Geochemistry
Dr. Boynton's current research is centered on understanding the role of volatile materials, chiefly water, carbon dioxide and argon, as probes for planetary processes. Data from instruments on NASA missions, Mars Odyssey Gamma-Ray spectrometer (GRS), Phoenix Thermal and Evolved-Gas analyzer (TEGA), and the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Lunar Exploration Neutron Detector (LEND) are used to map out the location of these volatiles, and in the case of Mars, to study their changes with season.
The GRS data are used to determine the changes of Ar in the atmosphere and of CO2 ice in the polar regions as probes of global atmospheric circulation. Data from this instrument, combined with those from TEGA, are also used to determine the extent and nature of subsurface ice on Mars. The data from LEND are used to determine the amount and location of hydrogen, presumably in some form of H2O or OH, in the lunar polar regions. This information is used to constrain processes for migration of water, perhaps delivered by cometary impact, or the formation of OH by reaction with H in the solar wind.
Current Grants
- Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) Lend Operations Support: LRO
- Analysis of Mars Odyssey GRS Data: MDAP
- MESSENGER Phase E: MESSENGER
- Gamma Ray Spectrometer (GRS) Mission Ops: Mars Odyssey
- Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons (DAN) Instrument, Co-Investigator: Mars Science Lab
Current Spacecraft Involvement
Cassini Mission, Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, Mars Observer, Mars Odyssey, Mars Polar Lander, MESSENGER, Mars Science Laboratory (Curiosity), Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, Security, Regolith Explorer, Phoenix Mars Lander- Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. CoI: Lunar Energetic Neutron Detector
- Mars Science Laboratory, CoI: Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons
- OSIRIS-REx, Mission Instrument Scientist
- Mars Odyssey Orbiter, PI: Gamma-Ray Spectrometer
Former Spacecraft Involvement
- Mars Observer, Team Leader: Gamma-Ray Spectrometer
- Mars Polar Lander, PI: Differential Scanning Calorimeter and Evolved Gas Analyzer
- PHOENIX Mars Mission, PI: Thermal and Evolved Gas Analyzer
- Cassini, Co-investigator: Surface Science Package
- MESSENGER (Gamma-Ray and Neutron Spectrometer and X-Ray Spectrometer); Team Lead for analysis of geochemical remote sensing measurements
Student Collaborations/Advising
Former Students
- Matthew Chamberlain, 2006 (Ph.D. PTYS)
- John Keller, 2006 (Ph.D. PTYS)
- Alex Ruzicka, 1996 (Ph.D. PTYS)
- Alan Hildebrand, 1992 (Ph.D. PTYS)
- Anna Spitz, 1991 (Ph.D. Geosciences)
Former Postdocs
- Julia Bodnarik
- Daniel Janes
- David Kring
- Andrea Patzer
- David Wark
Complete publications list available from: NASA ADS Author search: William V. Boynton
Recent refereed publications (NASA ADS): Years 2019 through 2022
Svinkin, D. S., Hurley, K., Ridnaia, A. V., Lysenko, A. L., Frederiks, D. D., Golenetskii, S. V., Tsvetkova, A. E., Ulanov, M. V., Kokomov, A., Cline, T. L., Mitrofanov, I., Golovin, D., Kozyrev, A., Litvak, M., Sanin, A., Goldstein, A., Briggs, M. S., Wilson-Hodge, C., Burns, E., von Kienlin, A., Zhang, X. -L., Rau, A., Savchenko, V., Bozzo, E., Ferrigno, C., Barthelmy, S., Cummings, J., Krimm, H., Palmer, D. M., Tohuvavohu, A., Yamaoka, K., Ohno, M., Fukazawa, Y., Hanabata, Y., Takahashi, T., Tashiro, M., Terada, Y., Murakami, T., Makishima, K., Boynton, W., Fellows, C. W., Harshman, K. P., Enos, H., Starr, R., Goldsten, J., Gold, R., Ursi, A., Tavani, M., Bulgarelli, A., Casentini, C., Del Monte, E., Evangelista, Y., Galli, M., Longo, F., Marisaldi, M., Parmiggiani, N., Pittori, C., Romani, M., Verrecchia, F., Smith, D. M., Hajdas, W., Xiao, S., Cai, C., Yi, Q. B., Zhang, Y. Q., Xiong, S. L., Li, X. B., Huang, Y., Li, C. K., Zhang, S. N., Song, L. M., Liu, C. Z., Li, X. Q., Peng, W. X., & Martinez-Castellanos, I. 2022, The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. The Second Catalog of Interplanetary Network Localizations of Konus Short-duration Gamma-Ray Bursts
Hong, Jaesub, Binzel, Richard P., Allen, Branden, Guevel, David, Grindlay, Jonathan, Hoak, Daniel, Masterson, Rebecca, Chodas, Mark, Lambert, Madeline, Thayer, Carolyn, Bokhour, Ed, Biswas, Pronoy, Mendenhall, Jeffrey A., Ryu, Kevin, Kelly, James, Warner, Keith, Lim, Lucy F., Bartels, Arlin, Lauretta, Dante S., Boynton, William V., Enos, Heather L., Harshman, Karl, Balram-Knutson, Sara S., Polit, Anjani T., McCoy, Timothy J., & Clark, Benton C. 2021, Space Science Reviews. Calibration and Performance of the REgolith X-Ray Imaging Spectrometer (REXIS) Aboard NASA's OSIRIS-REx Mission to Bennu
Burke, Keara N., DellaGiustina, Daniella N., Bennett, Carina A., Walsh, Kevin J., Pajola, Maurizio, Bierhaus, Edward B., Nolan, Michael C., Boynton, William V., Brodbeck, Juliette I., Connolly, Harold C., Deshapriya, Jasinghege Don Prasanna, Dworkin, Jason P., Elder, Catherine M., Golish, Dathon R., Hoover, Rachael H., Jawin, Erica R., McCoy, Timothy J., Michel, Patrick, Molaro, Jamie L., Nolau, Jennifer O., Padilla, Jacob, Rizk, Bashar, Robbins, Stuart J., Sahr, Eric M., Smith, Peter H., Stewart, Stephanie J., Susorney, Hannah C. M., Enos, Heather L., & Lauretta, Dante S. 2021, Remote Sensing. Particle Size-Frequency Distributions of the OSIRIS-REx Candidate Sample Sites on Asteroid (101955) Bennu
Svinkin, D., Frederiks, D., Hurley, K., Aptekar, R., Golenetskii, S., Lysenko, A., Ridnaia, A. V., Tsvetkova, A., Ulanov, M., Cline, T. L., Mitrofanov, I., Golovin, D., Kozyrev, A., Litvak, M., Sanin, A., Goldstein, A., Briggs, M. S., Wilson-Hodge, C., von Kienlin, A., Zhang, X. -L., Rau, A., Savchenko, V., Bozzo, E., Ferrigno, C., Ubertini, P., Bazzano, A., Rodi, J. C., Barthelmy, S., Cummings, J., Krimm, H., Palmer, D. M., Boynton, W., Fellows, C. W., Harshman, K. P., Enos, H., & Starr, R. 2021, Nature. A bright γ-ray flare interpreted as a giant magnetar flare in NGC 253
Barnouin, O. S., Daly, M. G., Palmer, E. E., Gaskell, R. W., Weirich, J. R., Johnson, C. L., Al Asad, M. M., Roberts, J. H., Perry, M. E., Susorney, H. C. M., Daly, R. T., Bierhaus, E. B., Seabrook, J. A., Espiritu, R. C., Nair, A. H., Nguyen, L., Neumann, G. A., Ernst, C. M., Boynton, W. V., Nolan, M. C., Adam, C. D., Moreau, M. C., Rizk, B., Drouet D'Aubigny, C. Y., Jawin, E. R., Walsh, K. J., Michel, P., Schwartz, S. R., Ballouz, R. -L., Mazarico, E. M., Scheeres, D. J., McMahon, J. W., Bottke, W. F., Sugita, S., Hirata, N., Hirata, N., Watanabe, S. -I., Burke, K. N., Dellagiustina, D. N., Bennett, C. A., Lauretta, D. S., Osiris-Rex Team, Highsmith, D. E., Small, J., Vokrouhlický, D., Bowles, N. E., Brown, E., Donaldson Hanna, K. L., Warren, T., Brunet, C., Chicoine, R. A., Desjardins, S., Gaudreau, D., Haltigin, T., Millington-Veloza, S., Rubi, A., Aponte, J., Gorius, N., Lunsford, A., Allen, B., Grindlay, J., Guevel, D., Hoak, D., Hong, J., Schrader, D. L., Bayron, J., Golubov, O., Sánchez, P., Stromberg, J., Hirabayashi, M., Hartzell, C. M., Oliver, S., Rascon, M., Harch, A., Joseph, J., Squyres, S., Richardson, D., Emery, J. P., McGraw, L., Ghent, R., Binzel, R. P., Asad, M. M. Al, Johnson, C. L., Philpott, L., Susorney, H. C. M., Cloutis, E. A., Hanna, R. D., Connolly, H. C., Ciceri, F., Hildebrand, A. R., Ibrahim, E. -M., Breitenfeld, L., Glotch, T., Rogers, A. D., Clark, B. E., Ferrone, S., Thomas, C. A., Campins, H., Fernandez, Y., Chang, W., Cheuvront, A., Trang, D., Tachibana, S., Yurimoto, H., Brucato, J. R., Poggiali, G., Pajola, M., Dotto, E., Epifani, E. Mazzotta, Crombie, M. K., Lantz, C., Izawa, M. R. M., de Leon, J., Licandro, J., Garcia, J. L. Rizos, Clemett, S., Thomas-Keprta, K., van Wal, S., Yoshikawa, M., Bellerose, J., Bhaskaran, S., Boyles, C., Chesley, S. R., Elder, C. M., Farnocchia, D., Harbison, A., Kennedy, B., Knight, A., Martinez-Vlasoff, N., Mastrodemos, N., McElrath, T., Owen, W., Park, R., Rush, B., Swanson, L., Takahashi, Y., Velez, D., Yetter, K., Thayer, C., Adam, C., Antreasian, P., Bauman, J., Bryan, C., Carcich, B., Corvin, M., Geeraert, J., Hoffman, J., Leonard, J. M., Lessac-Chenen, E., Levine, A., McAdams, J., McCarthy, L., Nelson, D., Page, B., Pelgrift, J., Sahr, E., Stakkestad, K., Stanbridge, D., Wibben, D., Williams, B., Williams, K., Wolff, P., Hayne, P., Kubitschek, D., Barucci, M. A., Deshapriya, J. D. P., Fornasier, S., Fulchignoni, M., Hasselmann, P., Merlin, F., Praet, A., Bierhaus, E. B., Billett, O., Boggs, A., Buck, B., Carlson-Kelly, S., Cerna, J., Chaffin, K., Church, E., Coltrin, M., Daly, J., Deguzman, A., Dubisher, R., Eckart, D., Ellis, D., Falkenstern, P., Fisher, A., Fisher, M. E., Fleming, P., Fortney, K., Francis, S., Freund, S., Gonzales, S., Haas, P., Hasten, A., Hauf, D., Hilbert, A., Howell, D., Jaen, F., Jayakody, N., Jenkins, M., Johnson, K., Lefevre, M., Ma, H., Mario, C., Martin, K., May, C., McGee, M., Miller, B., Miller, C., Miller, G., Mirfakhrai, A., Muhle, E., Norman, C., Olds, R., Parish, C., Ryle, M., Schmitzer, M., Sherman, P., Skeen, M., Susak, M., Sutter, B., Tran, Q., Welch, C., Witherspoon, R., Wood, J., Zareski, J., Arvizu-Jakubicki, M., Asphaug, E., Audi, E., Ballouz, R. -L., Bandrowski, R., Becker, K. J., Becker, T. L., Bendall, S., Bennett, C. A., Bloomenthal, H., Blum, D., Boynton, W. V., Brodbeck, J., Burke, K. N., Chojnacki, M., Colpo, A., Contreras, J., Cutts, J., D'Aubigny, C. Y. Drouet, Dean, D., Dellagiustina, D. N., Diallo, B., Drinnon, D., Drozd, K., Enos, H. L., Enos, R., Fellows, C., Ferro, T., Fisher, M. R., Fitzgibbon, G., Fitzgibbon, M., Forelli, J., Forrester, T., Galinsky, I., Garcia, R., Gardner, A., Golish, D. R., Habib, N., Hamara, D., Hammond, D., Hanley, K., Harshman, K., Hergenrother, C. W., Herzog, K., Hill, D., Hoekenga, C., Hooven, S., Howell, E. S., Huettner, E., Janakus, A., Jones, J., Kareta, T. R., Kidd, J., Kingsbury, K., Balram-Knutson, S. S., Koelbel, L., Kreiner, J., Lambert, D., Lauretta, D. S., Lewin, C., Lovelace, B., Loveridge, M., Lujan, M., Maleszewski, C. K., Malhotra, R., Marchese, K., McDonough, E., Mogk, N., Morrison, V., Morton, E., Munoz, R., Nelson, J., Nolan, M. C., Padilla, J., Pennington, R., Polit, A., Ramos, N., Reddy, V., Riehl, M., Rizk, B., Roper, H. L., Salazar, S., Schwartz, S. R., Selznick, S., Shultz, N., Smith, P. H., Stewart, S., Sutton, S., Swindle, T., Tang, Y. H., Westermann, M., Wolner, C. W. V., Worden, D., Zega, T., Zeszut, Z., Bjurstrom, A., Bloomquist, L., Dickinson, C., Keates, E., Liang, J., Nifo, V., Taylor, A., Teti, F., Caplinger, M., Bowles, H., Carter, S., Dickenshied, S., Doerres, D., Fisher, T., Hagee, W., Hill, J., Miner, M., Noss, D., Piacentine, N., Smith, M., Toland, A., Wren, P., Bernacki, M., Munoz, D. Pino, Watanabe, S. -I., Sandford, S. A., Aqueche, A., Ashman, B., Barker, M., Bartels, A., Berry, K., Bos, B., Burns, R., Calloway, A., Carpenter, R., Castro, N., Cosentino, R., Donaldson, J., Dworkin, J. P., Cook, J. Elsila, Emr, C., Everett, D., Fennell, D., Fleshman, K., Folta, D., Gallagher, D., Garvin, J., Getzandanner, K., Glavin, D., Hull, S., Hyde, K., Ido, H., Ingegneri, A., Jones, N., Kaotira, P., Lim, L. F., Liounis, A., Lorentson, C., Lorenz, D., Lyzhoft, J., Mazarico, E. M., Mink, R., Moore, W., Moreau, M., Mullen, S., Nagy, J., Neumann, G., Nuth, J., Poland, D., Reuter, D. C., Rhoads, L., Rieger, S., Rowlands, D., Sallitt, D., Scroggins, A., Shaw, G., Simon, A. A., Swenson, J., Vasudeva, P., Wasser, M., Zellar, R., Grossman, J., Johnston, G., Morris, M., Wendel, J., Burton, A., Keller, L. P., McNamara, L., Messenger, S., Nakamura-Messenger, K., Nguyen, A., Righter, K., Queen, E., Bellamy, K., Dill, K., Gardner, S., Giuntini, M., Key, B., Kissell, J., Patterson, D., Vaughan, D., Wright, B., Gaskell, R. W., Le Corre, L., Li, J. -Y., Molaro, J. L., Palmer, E. E., Siegler, M. A., Tricarico, P., Weirich, J. R., Zou, X. -D., Ireland, T., Tait, K., Bland, P., Anwar, S., Bojorquez-Murphy, N., Christensen, P. R., Haberle, C. W., Mehall, G., Rios, K., Franchi, I., Rozitis, B., Beddingfield, C. B., Marshall, J., Brack, D. N., French, A. S., McMahon, J. W., Scheeres, D. J., Jawin, E. R., McCoy, T. J., Russell, S., Killgore, M., Bottke, W. F., Hamilton, V. E., Kaplan, H. H., Walsh, K. J., Bandfield, J. L., Clark, B. C., Chodas, M., Lambert, M., Masterson, R. A., Daly, M. G., Freemantle, J., Seabrook, J. A., Barnouin, O. S., Craft, K., Daly, R. T., Ernst, C., Espiritu, R. C., Holdridge, M., Jones, M., Nair, A. H., Nguyen, L., Peachey, J., Perry, M. E., Plescia, J., Roberts, J. H., Steele, R., Turner, R., Backer, J., Edmundson, K., Mapel, J., Milazzo, M., Sides, S., Manzoni, C., May, B., Delbo', M., Libourel, G., Michel, P., Ryan, A., Thuillet, F., & Marty, B. 2020, Nature Geoscience. Author Correction: Shape of (101955) Bennu indicative of a rubble pile with internal stiffness
Seabrook, J. A., Daly, M. G., Barnouin, O. S., Johnson, C. L., Nair, A. H., Bierhaus, E. B., Boynton, W., Espiritu, R. C., Gaskell, R. W., Palmer, E., Nguyen, L., Nolan, M., & Lauretta, D. S. 2019, Planetary and Space Science. Global shape modeling using the OSIRIS-REx scanning Laser Altimeter
Tate, C. G., Moersch, J., Mitrofanov, I., Litvak, M., Bellutta, P., Boynton, W. V., Cagle, N., Ehresmann, B., Fedosov, F., Golovin, D., Hardgrove, C., Harshman, K., Hassler, D. M., Jun, I., Kozyrev, A. S., Lisov, D., Malakhov, A., Mischna, M., Nikiforov, S., Sanin, A. B., Starr, R., Vostrukhin, A., & Zeitlin, C. 2019, Icarus. Mars Science Laboratory Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons passive mode data and results from sols 753 to 1292: Pahrump Hills to Naukluft Plateau
Lauretta, D. S., Dellagiustina, D. N., Bennett, C. A., Golish, D. R., Becker, K. J., Balram-Knutson, S. S., Barnouin, O. S., Becker, T. L., Bottke, W. F., Boynton, W. V., Campins, H., Clark, B. E., Connolly, H. C., Drouet D'Aubigny, C. Y., Dworkin, J. P., Emery, J. P., Enos, H. L., Hamilton, V. E., Hergenrother, C. W., Howell, E. S., Izawa, M. R. M., Kaplan, H. H., Nolan, M. C., Rizk, B., Roper, H. L., Scheeres, D. J., Smith, P. H., Walsh, K. J., Wolner, C. W. V., & Osiris-Rex Team 2019, Nature. The unexpected surface of asteroid (101955) Bennu
Barnouin, O. S., Daly, M. G., Palmer, E. E., Gaskell, R. W., Weirich, J. R., Johnson, C. L., Al Asad, M. M., Roberts, J. H., Perry, M. E., Susorney, H. C. M., Daly, R. T., Bierhaus, E. B., Seabrook, J. A., Espiritu, R. C., Nair, A. H., Nguyen, L., Neumann, G. A., Ernst, C. M., Boynton, W. V., Nolan, M. C., Adam, C. D., Moreau, M. C., Rizk, B., Drouet D'Aubigny, C. Y., Jawin, E. R., Walsh, K. J., Michel, P., Schwartz, S. R., Ballouz, R. -L., Mazarico, E. M., Scheeres, D. J., McMahon, J. W., Bottke, W. F., Sugita, S., Hirata, N., Hirata, N., Watanabe, S. -I., Burke, K. N., Dellagiustina, D. N., Bennett, C. A., Lauretta, D. S., Osiris-Rex Team, Highsmith, D. E., Small, J., Vokrouhlický, D., Bowles, N. E., Brown, E., Donaldson Hanna, K. L., Warren, T., Brunet, C., Chicoine, R. A., Desjardins, S., Gaudreau, D., Haltigin, T., Millington-Veloza, S., Rubi, A., Aponte, J., Gorius, N., Lunsford, A., Allen, B., Grindlay, J., Guevel, D., Hoak, D., Hong, J., Schrader, D. L., Bayron, J., Golubov, O., Sánchez, P., Stromberg, J., Hirabayashi, M., Hartzell, C. M., Oliver, S., Rascon, M., Harch, A., Joseph, J., Squyres, S., Richardson, D., Emery, J. P., McGraw, L., Ghent, R., Binzel, R. P., Asad, M. M. Al, Johnson, C. L., Philpott, L., Susorney, H. C. M., Cloutis, E. A., Hanna, R. D., Connolly, H. C., Ciceri, F., Hildebrand, A. R., Ibrahim, E. -M., Breitenfeld, L., Glotch, T., Rogers, A. D., Clark, B. E., Ferrone, S., Thomas, C. A., Campins, H., Fernandez, Y., Chang, W., Cheuvront, A., Trang, D., Tachibana, S., Yurimoto, H., Brucato, J. R., Poggiali, G., Pajola, M., Dotto, E., Epifani, E. Mazzotta, Crombie, M. K., Lantz, C., Izawa, M. R. M., de Leon, J., Licandro, J., Garcia, J. L. Rizos, Clemett, S., Thomas-Keprta, K., van Wal, S., Yoshikawa, M., Bellerose, J., Bhaskaran, S., Boyles, C., Chesley, S. R., Elder, C. M., Farnocchia, D., Harbison, A., Kennedy, B., Knight, A., Martinez-Vlasoff, N., Mastrodemos, N., McElrath, T., Owen, W., Park, R., Rush, B., Swanson, L., Takahashi, Y., Velez, D., Yetter, K., Thayer, C., Adam, C., Antreasian, P., Bauman, J., Bryan, C., Carcich, B., Corvin, M., Geeraert, J., Hoffman, J., Leonard, J. M., Lessac-Chenen, E., Levine, A., McAdams, J., McCarthy, L., Nelson, D., Page, B., Pelgrift, J., Sahr, E., Stakkestad, K., Stanbridge, D., Wibben, D., Williams, B., Williams, K., Wolff, P., Hayne, P., Kubitschek, D., Barucci, M. A., Deshapriya, J. D. P., Fornasier, S., Fulchignoni, M., Hasselmann, P., Merlin, F., Praet, A., Bierhaus, E. B., Billett, O., Boggs, A., Buck, B., Carlson-Kelly, S., Cerna, J., Chaffin, K., Church, E., Coltrin, M., Daly, J., Deguzman, A., Dubisher, R., Eckart, D., Ellis, D., Falkenstern, P., Fisher, A., Fisher, M. E., Fleming, P., Fortney, K., Francis, S., Freund, S., Gonzales, S., Haas, P., Hasten, A., Hauf, D., Hilbert, A., Howell, D., Jaen, F., Jayakody, N., Jenkins, M., Johnson, K., Lefevre, M., Ma, H., Mario, C., Martin, K., May, C., McGee, M., Miller, B., Miller, C., Miller, G., Mirfakhrai, A., Muhle, E., Norman, C., Olds, R., Parish, C., Ryle, M., Schmitzer, M., Sherman, P., Skeen, M., Susak, M., Sutter, B., Tran, Q., Welch, C., Witherspoon, R., Wood, J., Zareski, J., Arvizu-Jakubicki, M., Asphaug, E., Audi, E., Ballouz, R. -L., Bandrowski, R., Becker, K. J., Becker, T. L., Bendall, S., Bennett, C. A., Bloomenthal, H., Blum, D., Boynton, W. V., Brodbeck, J., Burke, K. N., Chojnacki, M., Colpo, A., Contreras, J., Cutts, J., D'Aubigny, C. Y. Drouet, Dean, D., Dellagiustina, D. N., Diallo, B., Drinnon, D., Drozd, K., Enos, H. L., Enos, R., Fellows, C., Ferro, T., Fisher, M. R., Fitzgibbon, G., Fitzgibbon, M., Forelli, J., Forrester, T., Galinsky, I., Garcia, R., Gardner, A., Golish, D. R., Habib, N., Hamara, D., Hammond, D., Hanley, K., Harshman, K., Hergenrother, C. W., Herzog, K., Hill, D., Hoekenga, C., Hooven, S., Howell, E. S., Huettner, E., Janakus, A., Jones, J., Kareta, T. R., Kidd, J., Kingsbury, K., Balram-Knutson, S. S., Koelbel, L., Kreiner, J., Lambert, D., Lauretta, D. S., Lewin, C., Lovelace, B., Loveridge, M., Lujan, M., Maleszewski, C. K., Malhotra, R., Marchese, K., McDonough, E., Mogk, N., Morrison, V., Morton, E., Munoz, R., Nelson, J., Nolan, M. C., Padilla, J., Pennington, R., Polit, A., Ramos, N., Reddy, V., Riehl, M., Rizk, B., Roper, H. L., Salazar, S., Schwartz, S. R., Selznick, S., Shultz, N., Smith, P. H., Stewart, S., Sutton, S., Swindle, T., Tang, Y. H., Westermann, M., Wolner, C. W. V., Worden, D., Zega, T., Zeszut, Z., Bjurstrom, A., Bloomquist, L., Dickinson, C., Keates, E., Liang, J., Nifo, V., Taylor, A., Teti, F., Caplinger, M., Bowles, H., Carter, S., Dickenshied, S., Doerres, D., Fisher, T., Hagee, W., Hill, J., Miner, M., Noss, D., Piacentine, N., Smith, M., Toland, A., Wren, P., Bernacki, M., Munoz, D. Pino, Watanabe, S. -I., Sandford, S. A., Aqueche, A., Ashman, B., Barker, M., Bartels, A., Berry, K., Bos, B., Burns, R., Calloway, A., Carpenter, R., Castro, N., Cosentino, R., Donaldson, J., Dworkin, J. P., Cook, J. Elsila, Emr, C., Everett, D., Fennell, D., Fleshman, K., Folta, D., Gallagher, D., Garvin, J., Getzandanner, K., Glavin, D., Hull, S., Hyde, K., Ido, H., Ingegneri, A., Jones, N., Kaotira, P., Lim, L. F., Liounis, A., Lorentson, C., Lorenz, D., Lyzhoft, J., Mazarico, E. M., Mink, R., Moore, W., Moreau, M., Mullen, S., Nagy, J., Neumann, G., Nuth, J., Poland, D., Reuter, D. C., Rhoads, L., Rieger, S., Rowlands, D., Sallitt, D., Scroggins, A., Shaw, G., Simon, A. A., Swenson, J., Vasudeva, P., Wasser, M., Zellar, R., Grossman, J., Johnston, G., Morris, M., Wendel, J., Burton, A., Keller, L. P., McNamara, L., Messenger, S., Nakamura-Messenger, K., Nguyen, A., Righter, K., Queen, E., Bellamy, K., Dill, K., Gardner, S., Giuntini, M., Key, B., Kissell, J., Patterson, D., Vaughan, D., Wright, B., Gaskell, R. W., Le Corre, L., Li, J. -Y., Molaro, J. L., Palmer, E. E., Siegler, M. A., Tricarico, P., Weirich, J. R., Zou, X. -D., Ireland, T., Tait, K., Bland, P., Anwar, S., Bojorquez-Murphy, N., Christensen, P. R., Haberle, C. W., Mehall, G., Rios, K., Franchi, I., Rozitis, B., Beddingfield, C. B., Marshall, J., Brack, D. N., French, A. S., McMahon, J. W., Scheeres, D. J., Jawin, E. R., McCoy, T. J., Russell, S., Killgore, M., Bottke, W. F., Hamilton, V. E., Kaplan, H. H., Walsh, K. J., Bandfield, J. L., Clark, B. C., Chodas, M., Lambert, M., Masterson, R. 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